Новости науки и практики // Сентябрь 2021

To what extent can rising [CO2] ameliorate plant drought stress?

De Kauwe et al. identify the experimental challenges and limitations to our understanding of plant responses to drought under eCO2. In particular, they argue that future studies need to move beyond exploring whether eCO2 played ‘a role’ or ‘no role’ in responses to drought, but instead more carefully consider the timescales and conditions that would induce an influence.

https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.17540?utm_campaign=The%20Week%20in%20Botany&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Revue%20newsletter

CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE 29 modulates PIN-FORMED polarity and Arabidopsis development via its own phosphorylation code

PIN-FORMED (PIN)-mediated polar auxin transport is involved in key developmental processes in plants. Various internal and external cues influence plant development via the modulation of intracellular PIN polarity and, thus, the direction of polar auxin transport, but the mechanisms underlying these processes remain largely unknown. PIN proteins harbor a hydrophilic loop (HL) that has important regulatory functions. Lee et al. used the HL as bait in protein pulldown screening for modulators of intracellular PIN trafficking in Arabidopsis thaliana.

https://academic.oup.com/plcell/advance-article/doi/10.1093/plcell/koab207/6353612?utm_campaign=The%20Week%20in%20Botany&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Revue%20newsletter

A metabolic daylength measurement system mediates winter photoperiodism in plants

Liu et al. use bioinformatics to identify photoperiod-induced genes in Arabidopsis. They show that one, PP2-A13, is expressed exclusively in, and required for, plant fitness in short, winter-like photoperiods. They create a real-time photoperiod reporter, using the PP2-A13 promoter driving luciferase, and show that photoperiodic regulation is independent of the canonical CO/FT mechanism for photoperiodic flowering.

https://www.cell.com/developmental-cell/fulltext/S1534-5807(21)00599-2?utm_campaign=The%20Week%20in%20Botany&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Revue%20newsletter

Pole position: How plant cells polarize along the axes

Ramalho et al. explore how plant cells coordinately establish stable polarity axes aligned with the organ axes, highlighting similarities in the molecular logic used to polarize both plant and animal cells. They propose a classification system for plant cell polarity events and nomenclature guidelines. They also provide a deep phylogenetic analysis of polar proteins and discuss the evolution of polarity machineries in plants.

https://academic.oup.com/plcell/advance-article/doi/10.1093/plcell/koab203/6335687?utm_campaign=The%20Week%20in%20Botany&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Revue%20newsletter

Growth-promoting, anti-aging retinal at the root of plant growth too

What do frog eggs have in common with 'anti-aging' creams? Their success depends on a group of chemical compounds called retinoids, which are capable of generating and re-generating tissues. A new study in plants shows that retinoids' tissue-generating capacities are also responsible for the appropriate development of roots.

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/08/210826170136.htm

Plants evolved ability to actively control water-loss earlier than previously thought

New research has shed light on when plants first evolved the ability to respond to changing humidity in the air around them, and was probably a feature of a common ancestor of both flowering plants and ferns.

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/08/210826111639.htm

Autophagy: The unlikely hero that balances zinc and iron in plants

Researchers highlight a novel function of autophagy in restoring zinc and iron balance in plants under nutrient stress conditions. Nutrient imbalances can adversely impact crop health and agricultural productivity. The trace elements zinc and iron are taken up by the same 'transporters' in plants; so, zinc deficiency can result in excess uptake of iron. How does the plant cope with this imbalance? Researchers reveal that autophagy, the process of intracellular self-degradation, may have an unexpected role in restoring zinc-iron balance in plants.

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/08/210818083951.htm

Insights into the evolution of strigolactone signaling

Strigolactones are phytohormones that regulate various developmental processes inside the plant body, including shoot branching and root growth, cause the germination of seeds from root-parasitic plants, and initiate symbiosis between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

https://academic.oup.com/plcell/advance-article/doi/10.1093/plcell/koab216/6358149?utm_campaign=The%20Week%20in%20Botany&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Revue%20newsletter

Fairy lanterns in focus

So-called fairy lanterns (Thismia) are among the most extraordinary flowering plants, yet little is known about their ecology. There has been a spate of recent species discoveries revealing a bewildering diversity of flower forms. But why these peculiar flowers are so diverse remains a mystery. Thorogood and Yunoh review recent discoveries, placing focus on Southeast Asia as a center of diversity of fairy lanterns.

https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp3.10217?utm_campaign=The%20Week%20in%20Botany&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Revue%20newsletter

400-million-year-old fossil reveals how first roots emerged in Earth’s early plants

The ancient plant’s roots developed in an ‘entirely different way’ than how they grow in modern plants.

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/earth-early-plants-fossil-study-b1911122.html?utm_campaign=The%20Week%20in%20Botany&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Revue%20newsletter#Echobox=1630333030

Cell Biology and Gene Regulation of Ultraviolet Radiation Mitigation Strategies in the Cyanobacterium Nostoc Punctiforme

Scientist studied the molecular mechanisms of ultraviolet radiation mitigation (UVR) in the terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133, which produces the indole-alkaloid sunscreen scytonemin and differentiates into motile filaments (hormogonia). While the early stages of scytonemin biosynthesis were known, the late stages were not.

https://www.proquest.com/openview/7dfd43d6311f4e4416ea85c632edc2a1/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y

Цветущий хищник

Новое хищное растение питается во время цветения.

https://www.nkj.ru/news/41937/

Host match improves root microbiome growth

Roots of different plant species are colonized by distinct microbiota, even when grown in the same soil. A comprehensive combination of experimental manipulation of plant species, plant mutations, plant signalling, community composition and order of community application reveals how community assembly differs among plant species.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-021-00957-1

Global analysis of lysine acetylation in soybean leaves

Protein lysine acetylation (Kac) is an important post-translational modification in both animal and plant cells. Global Kac identification has been performed at the proteomic level in various species. However, the study of Kac in oil and resource plant species is relatively limited.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-97338-9