Новости науки и практики // Ноябрь 2019

The pectin is protectin': Study uncovers a plant barrier against toxic aluminum

Researchers identify the plant cell wall component pectin as an important regulator of aluminum toxicity in rice plants.

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-10/uot-tpi102419.php

A two-way molecular dialogue between embryo and endosperm required for seed development

In work have elucidated a bidirectional peptide-mediated signaling pathway between the embryo

and the endosperm. This pathway regulates the deposition of the embryonic cuticle which forms

an essential hydrophobic barrier separating the apoplasts of the embryo and endosperm.

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/10/17/809368.full.pdf

Interaction among ploidy, breeding system and lineage diversification

Comparing multiple stochastic diversification models that include complex trait interactions alongside hidden states enhances our understanding of the macroevolutionary patterns in plant phylogenies.

https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nph.16184

Domestication influences morphological and physiological responses to salinity in Brassica oleracea seedlings

Wild germplasm can potentially be used to improve the salt tolerance of crops by the identification of useful genes and incorporation of these into salinity-sensitive cultivars.

https://www.botany.one/2019/10/domestication-influences-morphological-and-physiological-responses-to-salinity-in-brassica-oleracea-seedlings/

Homeostatic response to hypoxia is regulated by the N-end rule pathway in plants

It shown that the N-end rule pathway of targeted proteolysis acts as a homeostatic sensor of severe low oxygen levels in Arabidopsis, through its regulation of key hypoxia-response transcription factors. Plants lacking components of the N-end rule pathway constitutively express core hypoxia-response genes and are more tolerant of hypoxic stress.

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10534

Three kinds of algae? Blooming marvellous news!

Bloom: From food to fuel, the epic story of how algae can save our world.

https://www.botany.one/2019/10/three-kinds-of-algae-blooming-marvellous-news/

UVR8 disrupts stabilisation of PIF5 by COP1 to inhibit plant stem elongation in sunlight

Here we show that the UV-B photoreceptor UVR8 promotes rapid PIF5 degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system in a response requiring the N terminus of PIF5.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12369-1

Scientists sequence 1,100 plants, illuminating 1 billion years of evolution

Scientists have completed a nine-year genetic quest to shine a light on the long, complex history of land plants and green algae, revealing the plot twists and furious pace of the rise of this super group of organisms. The project, known as the One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative (1KP), brought together nearly 200 plant biologists to sequence and analyze genes from more than 1,100 plant species spanning the green tree of life.

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-10/fmon-ss1102319.php

Researchers discover the 'KARAPPO' gene and illuminate vegetative reproduction

Applications expected in agricultural and horticultural fields.

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-10/ku-rdt102119.php

Лекарство от засухи

Аналог стрессового гормона действует дольше и помогает растениям сохранять в засуху больше воды, чем натуральный гормон.

https://www.nkj.ru/news/37212/

Defining the centromere

Investigating the roles of kinetochores in cell division

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-10/liop-dtc102119.php

'Artificial leaf' successfully produces clean gas

On the artificial leaf, two light absorbers, similar to the molecules in plants that harvest sunlight, are combined with a catalyst made from the naturally abundant element cobalt. When the device is immersed in water, one light absorber uses the catalyst to produce oxygen. The other carries out the chemical reaction that reduces carbon dioxide and water into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, forming the syngas mixture.

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-10/uoc-ls101819.php

How roots grow hair

'Smoke detectors' in plants also control the growth of root hair.

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-10/tuom-hrg101719.php

Red algae thrive despite ancestor's massive loss of genes

Study may spawn ways to genetically alter and control red seaweeds. An ancestor of red algae lost about a quarter of its genes roughly one billion years ago, but the algae still became dominant in near-shore coastal areas around the world.

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/10/191029080744.htm

Новый метод редактирования генома аккуратнее и эффективнее, чем CRISPR/Cas9

Ученые из Гарварда, уже несколько лет развивающие методы редактирования генома, опубликовали описание нового подхода, который позволяет делать любые однонуклеотидные замены и более крупные вставки и делеции, но отличается от классического CRISPR/Cas9-редактирования большей аккуратностью.

https://elementy.ru/novosti_nauki/433558/Novyy_metod_redaktirovaniya_genoma_akkuratnee_i_effektivnee_chem_CRISPR_Cas9

Как растения не пускают в себя грибы

Чтобы не пустить опасные грибки в лист, растения закрывают устьица.

https://www.nkj.ru/news/37089/

Genetic space of radial plant growth

Radial growth of plants is one of the most prominent processes for generating biomass and the long-term sequestration of carbon dioxide on Earth. Now, the concerted action of a large set of transcription factors on the regulation of the process has been investigated.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-019-0536-3

Impact of water droplets on leaves quickly triggers stress responses in plants

Researchers show that the pressure from water droplets on a leaf surface triggers stress hormones like jasmonic acid. These cellular changes become apparent very quickly and can could make plants better equipped to withstand disease and drought.

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/10/191030110006.htm

Science Forum: Ten common statistical mistakes to watch out for when writing or reviewing a manuscript

It was compiled a list of some of the most common statistical errors that appear in the scientific literature to make research findings more reliable.

https://elifesciences.org/articles/48175