Новости науки и практики // Март 2023

Emerging Roles of Salicylic Acid in Plant Saline Stress Tolerance
Yang et al. reviewed the impact of SA on saline stress responses and the associated molecular pathways, as well as recent studies toward understanding the hubs and crosstalk between SA-induced tolerances to biotic and saline stress. They propose that elucidating the mechanism of the SA-specific response to various stresses, as well as SA-induced rhizosphere-specific microbiome modeling, may provide more insights and support in coping with plant saline stress.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/4/3388?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email 

Pectin methylesterification modulates cell wall properties to promote neighbour proximity-induced hypocotyl growth
Through analyses of mechanical and biochemical properties of the cell wall coupled with transcriptomic analysis of cell wall-related genes Sénéchal et al. show the importance of cell wall modifications in neighbour proximity-induced elongation. Further analysis using loss-of-function mutants impaired in the synthesis and remodeling of the main cell wall polymers corroborated this.

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.07.531598v1?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email

A nuclear Pandora’s box: functions of nuclear envelope proteins in cell division
Ashraf highlights our current knowledge about the role of nuclear envelope proteins and points out the unanswered questions as future directions.

https://academic.oup.com/aobpla/article/15/2/plac065/6960701?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email

Photoperiod controls plant seed size in a CONSTANS-dependent manner
Photoperiodic plants perceive changes in day length as seasonal cues to orchestrate their vegetative and reproductive growth. Although it is known that the floral transition of photoperiod-sensitive plants is tightly controlled by day length, how photoperiod affects their post-flowering development remains to be clearly defined, as do the underlying mechanisms. Yu et al. demonstrate that photoperiod plays a prominent role in seed development.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-023-01350-y?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email

Новый синтетический фотосинтез эффективно производит метан из растений

Природные механизмы, которые используют растения, можно задействовать для изготовления топлива. К такому выводу пришли авторы новой методики — искусственного фотосинтеза, который в конечном итоге позволяет синтезировать метан.

https://zoom.cnews.ru/rnd/article/item/novyj_sinteticheskij_fotosintez_effektivno_proizvodit_metan_iz

Abscisic acid can augment, but is not essential for autumnal leaf senescence
Kane and McAdam investigate the importance of ABA as a driver of leaf senescence in winter deciduous trees. In four diverse species they tracked leaf gas exchange, water potential, chlorophyll content, and leaf ABA levels from the end of summer until leaves were abscised or died.

https://academic.oup.com/jxb/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/jxb/erad089/7071654?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email

Plant tRNA functions beyond their major role in translation
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are well known for their essential function as adapters in delivering amino acids to ribosomes and making the link between mRNA and protein according to the genetic code. Besides this central role in protein synthesis, other functions are attributed to these macromolecules, or their genes, in all living organisms. This review focuses on these extra functions of tRNAs in photosynthetic organisms.

https://academic.oup.com/jxb/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/jxb/erac483/6884132?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email

Антитела из лам защищают растения от вирусов

Химерный иммунный рецептор с кусками звериных антител помогает растениям отражать угрозы, перед которыми они раньше были почти беззащитны.

https://www.nkj.ru/news/47709/

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneration in the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle: Focus on the last three enzymatic steps that allow the formation of Rubisco substrate
The Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle comprises the metabolic phase of photosynthesis and is responsible for carbon fixation and the production of sugar phosphates. Meloni et al. review the current understanding of the structural and catalytic features of the photosynthetic enzymes that catalyze the last three steps of the regeneration phase, namely ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (RPI), ribulose-5-phosphate epimerase (RPE), and phosphoribulokinase (PRK). In addition, the redox- and metabolic-based regulatory mechanisms targeting the three enzymes are also discussed.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1130430/full?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email

Redox-mediated responses to high temperature in plants
In this review, Hendrix et al. summarize current knowledge on the functions of ROS and oxidoreductase systems in integrating high temperature signals, towards the activation of stress responses and developmental acclimation mechanisms.

https://academic.oup.com/jxb/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/jxb/erad053/7041293?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email

Pearl millet response to drought: A review
The C4 grass pearl millet is one of the most drought tolerant cereals and is primarily grown in marginal areas where annual rainfall is low and intermittent. It was domesticated in sub-Saharan Africa, and several studies have found that it uses a combination of morphological and physiological traits to successfully resist drought. This review explores the short term and long-term responses of pearl millet that enables it to either tolerate, avoid, escape, or recover from drought stress.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1059574/full?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email

Biotic and Abiotic Stress Factors Induce Microbiome Shifts and Enrichment of Distinct Beneficial Bacteria in Tomato Roots
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of individual and combined abiotic (ionic and osmotic) and biotic (Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum) stress factors on plant performance and on the bacterial composition of the root endosphere in tomato.

https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PBIOMES-10-21-0067-R?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email

Alternative splicing in plants: current knowledge and future directions for assessing the biological relevance of splice variants
Tognacca et al. summarize recent advances and highlight the accumulated knowledge on the biological roles of alternative splicing isoforms that are key for different plant responses and during development. In the latter part of the review, they propose a thorough strategy to analyze, evaluate, and characterize putative functions for alternative splicing isoforms of interest.

https://academic.oup.com/jxb/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/jxb/erac431/6779532?redirectedFrom=fulltext&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email

Distinctly localized lipid phosphate phosphatases mediate endoplasmic reticulum glycerolipid metabolism in Arabidopsis
Inter-organelle communication is an integral subcellular process in cellular homeostasis. In plants, cellular membrane lipids are synthesized in the plastids and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, the crosstalk between these organelles in lipid biosynthesis remains largely unknown. Nguyen & Nakimura show that a pair of lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) with differential subcellular localizations are required for ER glycerolipid metabolism in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).

https://academic.oup.com/plcell/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/plcell/koad021/7010777?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email

Безлиственные орхидеи живут с помощью бактерий

Проживая высоко на деревьях, безлиственные орхидеи держат обширный «парк» бактериальных симбионтов, снабжающих их необходимыми питательными веществами.

https://www.nkj.ru/news/47772/

Разговаривают ли деревья по грибному «телефону»?

Можно представить себе лес, в котором все деревья общаются друг с другом с помощью грибниц, но за этой фантазией нет почти никакой науки.

https://www.nkj.ru/news/47609/