06 декабря, 2024

Новости науки и практики // Декабрь 2024

A cytoplasmic osmosensing mechanism mediated by molecular crowding–sensitive DCP5

Plants are continuously exposed to osmotic stress conditions, but how they sense osmolarity changes is not well understood. Wang et al. report that the Arabidopsis DECAPPING 5 (DCP5) protein functions as an osmosensor for extracellular hyperosmolarity.

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk9067

Cyclic electron flow and Photosystem II-less photosynthesis

Ermakova et al review the phenomenon of ‘PSII-less photosynthesis’ where PSI functions independently of PSII by operating cyclic electron flow using electrons derived from non-photochemical reactions.

https://www.publish.csiro.au/fp/Fulltext/FP24185

Incorporation of photosynthetically active algal chloroplasts in cultured mammalian cells towards photosynthesis in animals

Aoki et al isolated photosynthetically active chloroplasts from the primitive red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae and incorporated them in cultured mammalian cells via co-cultivation.

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/pjab/100/9/100_pjab.100.035/_article/-char/en

From algae to plants: understanding pyrenoid-based CO2-concentrating mechanisms

Catherall et al recent advances in our fundamental knowledge of the biogenesis, architecture, and function of pyrenoids in Chlamydomonas and ongoing engineering biology efforts to introduce a functional pCCM into chloroplasts of vascular plants, which, if successful, has the potential to enhance crop productivity and resilience to climate change.

"https://www.cell.com/trends/biochemical-sciences/fulltext/S0968-0004(24)00235-4

Parasitic plants show striking convergence in host preference across angiosperm lineages

Hatt et al reveal a disproportionality in host preference across host lineages: the Asteraceae contains 10% of angiosperm diversity but is infected by 31% of parasite species; meanwhile Monocots comprise 23% but are infected by just 3.2%.

https://academic.oup.com/aob/advance-article/doi/10.1093/aob/mcae180/7840161

Mucilage facilitates root water uptake under edaphic stress: first evidence at the plant scale

https://academic.oup.com/aob/advance-article/doi/10.1093/aob/mcae193/7849845

Upstairs, Downstairs - conserved and divergent CLAVATA signalling in shoot meristem development and root symbioses

https://academic.oup.com/aob/advance-article/doi/10.1093/aob/mcae192/7862721

Directional Cell-to-cell Transport in Plant Roots

Jacquier et al demonstrate that plasmodesmatal transport persists in differentiated roots, despite apoplastic barriers such as Casparian strips and suberin lamellae in the endodermis, suggesting plasmodesmata as the sole pathway for water and nutrient flow at this stage.

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.16.613234v1.full.pdf

Study finds key protein aids nutrient transport within plant cells

Botanists have come to understand the channels and transporters involved in the uptake and transport of nutrients, yet how are they positioned where they need to be?

https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article/75/22/7046/7841954

Heart cockle shells transmit sunlight to photosymbiotic algae using bundled fiber optic cables and condensing lenses

McCoy et al show that heart cockles (Corculum cardissa and spp.) use biophotonic adaptations to transmit sunlight for photosynthesis. Heart cockles transmit 11–62% of photosynthetically active radiation (mean = 31%) but only 5–28% of potentially harmful UV radiation (mean = 14%) to their symbionts.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-53110-x

Exaptation of ancestral cell-identity networks enables C4photosynthesis

Swift et al show that changes to bundle-sheath gene expression in C4 leaves are associated with the gain of a pre-existing cis-code found in the C3leaf. From single-nucleus gene-expression and chromatin-accessibility atlases, they uncover DNA binding with one finger (DOF) motifs that define bundle-sheath identity in the major crops C3 rice and C4 sorghum.

https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.14452

Engineered enzymes may help plants adapt to higher temperatures

As global temperatures rise, it's imperative that plants can adapt to new and changing conditions.

https://phys.org/news/2024-12-enzymes-higher-temperatures.html

Serious side effect of using CRISPR-Cas gene scissors uncovered: AZD7648 molecule can destroy parts of genome

Genome editing with various CRISPR-Cas molecule complexes has progressed rapidly in recent years. Hundreds of labs around the world are now working to put these tools to clinical use and are continuously advancing them.

https://phys.org/news/2024-12-side-effect-crispr-cas-gene.html

Solar-powered animal cells: Combining chloroplasts from algae with hamster cells

Energy-making chloroplasts from algae have been inserted into hamster cells, enabling the cells to photosynthesize light, according to new research in Japan. It was previously thought that combining chloroplasts (chlorophyll containing structures in the cells of plants and algae) with animal cells was not possible, and that the chloroplasts would not survive or function.

https://phys.org/news/2024-10-solar-powered-animal-cells-combining.html

Цианобактерии предчувствуют смену сезонов

Авторы описали фотопериодизм у цианобактерии Synechococcus elongatus. Это одноклеточная водоросль, которую из-за ее короткого жизненного цикла (от полутора до пяти-шести часов) часто используют в промышленности.

https://elementy.ru/novosti_nauki/434276/Tsianobakterii_predchuvstvuyut_smenu_sezonov

How plants grow thicker, not just taller

Computer model provides insights in stem cells behind plant growth. Using a computer model that reveals how plants grow thicker over time, biologists have uncovered how cells are activated to produce wood tissue. Understanding the genetic and molecular signals behind this growth, they hope to advance forestry practices and carbon dioxide storage in trees.

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/11/241107160612.htm