06 марта, 2025

Новости науки и практики // Март 2025

Balanced plant helper NLR activation by a modified host protein complex

Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors play crucial roles in plant immunity by sensing pathogen effectors. In Arabidopsis, certain sensor NLRs function as NADases to catalyse the production of second messengers, which can be recognized by enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1) with its partner senescence-associated gene 101 (SAG101), to activate helper NLR N requirement gene 1 (NRG1).

https://rdcu.be/d90RB

Fighting to thrive via plant growth regulators: Green chemical strategies for drought stress tolerance

As global climate change intensifies, the occurrence and severity of various abiotic stresses will significantly threaten plant health and productivity. Drought stress (DS) is a formidable obstacle, disrupting normal plant functions through specific morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ppl.14605

Genetic switch could help control leaf growth in poor soils

A new study has identified a genetic circuit in plants that controls individual leaf growth and allows the plants to adapt to their environment. The findings could help the development of more drought-resistant crops.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931312825000307

Proteasomes accumulate in the plant apoplast where they participate in microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-triggered pathogen defense

Akin to mammalian extracellular fluids, the plant apoplastic fluid (APF) contains a unique collection of proteins, RNAs, and vesicles that drive many physiological processes ranging from cell wall assembly to defense against environmental challenges. Using an improved method to enrich for the Arabidopsis APF, Karimi et al better define its composition and discover that the APF harbors active proteasomes though microscopic detection, proteasome-specific activity and immunological assays, and mass spectrometry showing selective enrichment of the core protease.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-56594-3

Differential root zone secretions and the role of root border cells in rhizosphere manipulation

Root tissues are broadly divided into mature tissue, elongation zone (developing tissue), root tip, and border cells. While each zone contributes individually to the overall root secretion profile, border cells are emphasized in this review due to their specialized secretory functions. Border cells are often overlooked in plant root focused studies, thus excluding an important component of root functionality.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11101-025-10084-y

MicroRNA control of stem cell reconstitution and growth in root regeneration

Baulies et al show that the miR396–GRF regulatory module guides stem cell reconstitution after root tip excision, playing a dual role: while miR396 promotes competence, the GRFs control regeneration speed. Moreover, plants with ectopic miR396 expression have defined stem cell niches before the excision but do not reconstitute them afterwards, remaining in an open state despite continuing to grow.

https://rdcu.be/ebPOs

A thallus-forming N-fixing fungus-cyanobacterium symbiosis from subtropical forests

Fungi engage in diverse symbiotic relationships with phototrophs. Lichens, symbiotic complexes involving fungi and either cyanobacteria, green algae, or both, have fungi forming the external layer and much of the interior. Chen et al found an erect thallus resembling a lichen yet with an unexpected thallus structure composed of interwoven cyanobacterial filaments with numerous fungal hyphae inserted within individual cyanobacterial sheaths, contrasting with typical lichen structure.

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adt4093

Study reveals genetic secrets of herbicide-resistant amaranth weeds

Weeds like Palmer amaranth make farming harder and less profitable, and available herbicides are becoming less effective. For scientists to find solutions, they first need to know their enemy.

https://phys.org/news/2025-02-reveals-genetic-secrets-herbicide-resistant.html

Reducing methane emissions by developing low-fumarate high-ethanol eco-friendly rice

Cultivation of novel rice lines or employing Jin et al’s findings for rice cultivation managements showed up to 70% reductions in methane production from seven paddy field sites during 3 years of cultivation trials.

https://www.cell.com/molecular-plant/fulltext/S1674-2052(25)00029-2

Leaf minimum conductance dynamics during and after heat stress: Implications for plant survival under hotter droughts

de Araújo Brito Fernandes et al examined the gleaf-resvariation before, during, and after exposure to high temperatures (HTs) in a group of representative Cerrado tree species. Through multiple experiments, they compared gleaf-res in leaves previously exposed to different temperatures for varying durations with leaves not submitted to HT.

https://academic.oup.com/plphys/article-abstract/197/2/kiaf026/8006631

Бактериальный пластырь лечит листья

Целлюлоза из бактерий ускоряет заживление повреждений на растениях.

https://www.nkj.ru/news/54023/

Histone H3 lysine 4 methylation recruits DNA demethylases to enforce gene expression in Arabidopsis

Wang et al show that the targeting of histone H3 lysine four trimethylation (H3K4me3) with the catalytic domain of the SDG2 histone methyltransferase potently erased DNA methylation and gene silencing at FWA and also erased CG DNA methylation in many other regions of the Arabidopsis genome.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-025-01924-y

Glutathione triggers leaf-to-leaf, calcium-based plant defense signaling

Li et al’s genetic screening of the previously constructed hairpin RNA-based Arabidopsis library identifies a glutathione (GSH)-deficient mutant that has high accumulation of glutamate (Glu), a previously defined wound signal essential for activating plant defense, but disharmoniously exhibits attenuation of defense signaling events.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-57239-1

Two antagonistic gene regulatory networks drive Arabidopsis root hair growth at low temperature linked to a low-nutrient environment

Root hair (RH) cells can elongate to several hundred times their initial size, and are an ideal model system for investigating cell size control. Their development is influenced by both endogenous and external signals, which are combined to form an integrative response. Surprisingly, a low-temperature condition of 10°C causes increased RH growth in Arabidopsis and in several monocots, even when the development of the rest of the plant is halted.

https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.20406

GHCYP706A7 governs anthocyanin biosynthesis to mitigate ROS under alkali stress in cotton

Anthocyanins are a class of flavonoids that play a significant role in mediating plant responses to adverse environmental conditions. Flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H), a member of the cytochrome P-450 (CYP) family, is a pivotal enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins. The present study identified 398 CYPs in the Gossypium hirsutum genome, of which GHCYP706A7 was responsible for F3′ H synthesis and its ability to respond to alkaline stress.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00299-025-03453-6

The molecular complexity of terpene biosynthesis in red algae: current state and future perspectives

Covering the period 1998–2024, Red algae are the largest group of seaweeds and rich sources of bioactive terpenes with broad and significant biotechnological potential. However, the main obstacle to the economic exploitation of these compounds is the difficulty of obtaining them on an industrial and sustainable scale. Genetic engineering and heterologous biosynthesis are promising tools for overcoming this limitation, but little is known about red algal terpene biosynthesis.

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2025/np/d4np00034j

Comparative analysis of metabolic profile of various organs (root, stem, and leaf part) in Sida acuta Burm. f. and exploration of antioxidant and antifungal properties

Sida acuta Burm. f. (SA) is a traditionally important herb used to treat asthma, headaches, diabetes, and leucorrhoea. However, limited phytochemical and biological studies are available for the various organs of SA. Metabolomics, a fast-evolving technology, enables in-depth exploration of plant metabolic diversity and function. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the total polyphenol and flavonoid content, as well as specialized metabolite profiling of different organs.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878818125000520

Genetic switch could help control leaf growth in poor soils

A new study has identified a genetic circuit in plants that controls individual leaf growth and allows the plants to adapt to their environment. The findings could help the development of more drought-resistant crops.

https://phys.org/news/2025-02-genetic-leaf-growth-poor-soils.html

Spraying methyl jasmonate on fruit trees boosts harvest, research finds

Spraying persimmon trees with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) can result in healthier, longer-lasting fruit, with increased antioxidants, a new Edith Cowan University (ECU) study has found.

https://phys.org/news/2025-02-spraying-methyl-jasmonate-fruit-trees.html

How nitrogen reshapes root system architecture in plants?

Roots, as the pivotal organs in N acquisition, manifest a remarkable morphological plasticity, including variations in the length and density of primary roots, lateral roots, and root hairs, in response to the form and content of available N, which is termed N-dependent root system architecture (RSA). For cultivated crops, the cultivation of an ideotype RSA, characterized by sensitive plasticity under diverse N conditions, is paramount for efficient N utilization, curtailment of N fertilizer inputs, and the realization of a green and sustainable agricultural development trajectory. What is the genetic basis of N-dependent RSA?

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1075107