Новости науки и практики // Декабрь 2019
Discovery increases chance of improving iron content in plants
Genetic find could benefit health of billions worldwide.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-11/dc-dic112119.php
How to build a chloroplast
Plants use a single communication route when developing new chloroplasts.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-11/uot-htb111419.php
Flowering mechanism in Brassica rapa leafy vegetables illuminated
Scientists demonstrated that a higher level of FLC gene expression is essential for inhibiting flowering in the absence of a cold period. They also discovered that the rate of repression of FLC expression during a cold exposure affects the flowering time.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-11/ku-fmi111019.php
Photosynthesis - living laboratories
Biologists have demonstrated for the first time that cyanobacteria and plants employ similar mechanisms and key proteins to regulate cyclic electron flow during photosynthesis.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/11/191127121246.htm
Unraveling gene expression
Chemists have uncovered the first steps in the process of gene expression by showing how the protein Rap1 pries open the tightly wound, compacted structure of DNA in the cell to gain access to specific genes.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/11/191121121736.htm
Бактерии помогли растениям выйти на сушу
Приспособиться к сухопутной жизни растениям помогли гены, заимствованные у бактерий.
https://www.nkj.ru/news/37337/
Physiology and proteomic analysis reveals root, stem and leaf responses to potassium deficiency stress in alligator weed
Study highlights protein changes in alligator weed seedling under LK stress and provides new information on the comprehensive analysis of the protein network in plant potassium nutrition.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-53916-6
Similar and Yet Different: Oxygen Sensing in Animals and Plants
The ability to perceive oxygen levels and adapt metabolism on the basis of its availability is vital for most eukaryotic cells. Licausi et al. retrace the key steps that led to the identification of oxygen-sensing mechanisms in animals and plants and compare the essential features of the two strategies.
A novel pathway linking plasma membrane and chloroplasts is co-opted by pathogens to suppress salicylic acid-dependent defences
Medina-Puche et al. show that a plant virus-encoded protein re-localizes from the plasma membrane to chloroplasts upon triggering plant defence, interfering with the chloroplast-dependent activation of anti-viral salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Strikingly, they have found that plant pathogens from different kingdoms seem to have convergently evolved to target chloroplasts and impair SA-dependent defences following an association with membranes, which is based on the co-existence of two subcellular targeting signals, an N-myristoylation site and a chloroplast transit peptide.
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/837955v1
Raising plants to withstand climate change
Proof of concept for changing mitochondrial respiration.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-12/fu-rpt120319.php
A window into evolution
Modelling the development of C4 photosynthesis.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-12/liop-awi120219.php
Regulator of plant immunity tagged
A new actor in the immune system of plants has been identified.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-11/kauo-rop112619.php
Recruitment of a lateral root developmental pathway into root nodule formation of legumes
The researchers explored root nodules development using a model legume, Lotus japonicus, and found that this happened via a gene (ASL18a) involved in the formation of lateral roots. Typically, plants develop lateral roots that spread out instead of deep vertical roots, as water and nutrients tend to be denser in the soil surface.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-11/nion-roa112519.php
Polyploidy and angiosperm diversification
Comparisons of diversification rates suggest that genome doubling may have led to a dramatic increase in species richness in several angiosperm lineages, including Poaceae, Solanaceae, Fabaceae, and Brassicaceae. However, additional genomic studies are needed to pinpoint the exact phylogenetic placement of the ancient polyploidy events within these lineages.
https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3732/ajb.0800079
How plants handle stress
An international research team including Göttingen University investigates evolutionary development.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-11/uog-hph112019.php
Glucosinolate structural diversity, identification, chemical synthesis and metabolism in plants
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003194221930069X
Researchers highlight progress and challenges of phloem research
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-11/caos-rhp111119.php
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