Новости науки и практики // Апрель 2022

Root phosphatase activity aligns with the collaboration gradient of the root economics space

Han et al. evaluated the role of root phosphatase activity (RPA) within the root economics space and the order-based variation of RPA, as well as the correlations between RPA and a suite of leaf traits and soil properties over a range of evergreen tree species in a subtropical forest.

https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.17906?utm_campaign=The%20Week%20in%20Botany&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Revue%20newsletter

Plant phytochrome B is an asymmetric dimer with unique signalling potential

Many aspects of plant photoperception are mediated by the phytochrome (Phy) family of bilin-containing photoreceptors that reversibly interconvert between inactive Pr and active Pfr conformers1,2. Despite extensive biochemical studies, full understanding of plant Phy signalling has remained unclear due to the absence of relevant 3D models. Li et al. report a cryo-electron microscopy structure of Arabidopsis PhyB in the Pr state that reveals a topologically complex dimeric organization that is substantially distinct from its prokaryotic relatives.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04529-z.epdf?sharing_token=wlb6dZo-mJ7chk9zTrpYfdRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0O8NakMSa-3ZNsBYDcCqfrrWVQOaYDlOV2HBnjviAf74NZOd8Q15-Jn-s4JiQntjc5ydtky-PUmyBrapSK9yeJLA0GNa3jNasd6wppfZCvE_KkBBhAoUGzMNzDyyV117_Y%3D

Mechanosensory trichome cells evoke a mechanical stimuli–induced immune response in Arabidopsis thaliana

Matsumura et al. report that trichomes, hair-like structures on the epidermis, directly sense external mechanical forces, including raindrops, to anticipate pathogen infections in Arabidopsis thaliana. Exposure of leaf surfaces to mechanical stimuli initiates the concentric propagation of intercellular calcium waves away from trichomes to induce defence-related genes. Propagating calcium waves enable effective immunity against pathogenic microbes through the CALMODULIN-BINDING TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATOR 3 (CAMTA3) and mitogen-activated protein kinases.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-28813-8?utm_campaign=The%20Week%20in%20Botany&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Revue%20newsletter

 Genomes within genomes: nested symbiosis and its implications for plant evolution

Many important plant traits are products of nested symbiosis: mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are nested within microbes, which in turn, are nested within plants. Plant trait variation is therefore not only determined by the plant’s genome, but also by loci within microbes and MGEs. Yet it remains unclear how interactions and coevolution within nested symbiosis impacts the evolution of plant traits.

https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.17847?utm_campaign=The%20Week%20in%20Botany&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Revue%20newsletter

 It’s time to defend: Membrane nanodomains assist in actin remodeling

When bacterial pathogens attack a plant, the actin cytoskeleton in the plant host undergoes rapid remodeling to coordinate a series of host immune responses.

https://plantae.org/its-time-to-defend-membrane-nanodomains-assist-in-actin-remodeling/?utm_campaign=The%20Week%20in%20Botany&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Revue%20newsletter

Molecular 'blueprint' illuminates how plants perceive light

Plants rely on their ability to sense light for survival. But unlike animals, plants don't have eyes full of photoreceptors to capture and convey messages from visual stimuli. Instead, plants are coated with a network of light-sensing photoreceptors that detect different wavelengths of light, allowing them to regulate their lifecycles and adjust to environmental conditions. Now, scientists have determined the molecular structure of one of these vital photoreceptors -- a protein known as PhyB -- revealing a wholly different structure than previously known. The findings may have implications for agricultural and 'green' bioengineering practices.

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/03/220330111324.htm

Deep roots and many branches: Origins of plant-specialized metabolic enzymes in general metabolism

Scientists demonstrate the simplicity of achieving the synthesis of analogous chemicals by coopting existing enzymes and summarize emerging insights that could inform rational metabolic engineering of both general and specialized metabolic enzymes.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369526622000218

Растения под наркозом

Анестетик не даёт распространяться сенсорному импульсу по тканям венериной мухоловки.

https://www.nkj.ru/news/43471/

 Regulation of immune receptor kinase plasma membrane nanoscale organization by a plant peptide hormone and its receptors

Results suggest that perception of RALF (RAPID ALKALANIZATION FACTOR) peptides by FER (receptor kinase FERONIA) and LRXs (extensin proteins) actively modulates plasma membrane nanoscale organization to regulate cell surface signaling by other ligand-binding receptor kinases.

https://elifesciences.org/articles/74162

Effects of polygalacturonase overexpression on pectin distribution in the elongation zones of roots under aluminium stress

The results indicate that the amount of pectin influences Al tolerance and that the distribution of pectin in the root elongation zone inhibits Al accumulation in rice roots. Pectin accumulation in cell walls in the root elongation zone may play a role in protecting rice plants from the Al-induced inhibition of root elongation by regulating pectin distribution.

https://academic.oup.com/aobpla/article/14/2/plac003/6535137

Orchestration of Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Biosynthesis by ORANGE Family Proteins in Plant

Chlorophyll and carotenoid are essential photosynthetic pigments. Plants must

spatiotemporally coordinate the needs of chlorophyll and carotenoid for optimal

photosynthesis and plant fitness in response to diverse environmental and

developmental cues. However, how these two biosynthesis pathways are

orchestrated remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the highly conserved

ORANGE (OR) family proteins are the common regulators of both pathways.

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2022/02/11/2022.02.08.479616.full.pdf